In this article was developed a green synthesis of CuO nanoparticles on vegetal activated carbon (VAC), using pomegranate leaf extract as reducing and stabilizing agent in the removal of multiple pollutants. The impregnated carbons with CuO nanoparticles were characterized morphologically and structurally. The SEM and XRD analysis, after carbons modification, showed that the surface structure remained porous with CuO nanoparticles sizes between 40 and 78 nm. As concern to the contaminants atrazine, caffeine and diclofenac, it is observed that the maximum adsorption capacities practically did not suffer interference by the presence of 1.5% Cu nanoparticles, keeping their values very close to those obtained with pure carbon. The nitrate removal was favored by the impregnation of CuO nanoparticles, from 0.93 mg g-1 to 4.09 mg g-1. The results are promising and demonstrate that it is possible to obtain VAC impregnated whit nanoparticles of CuO by a non-polluting and low cost method.

Resumo Neste estudo, uma membrana polimérica combinada com carvão ativado granular (CAG) impregnado com nanopartículas de óxido de cobre foi avaliada em um processo híbrido com membrana. A avaliação do sistema gravitacional proposto visando a melhoria da qualidade da água destinada ao consumo humano em países em desenvolvimento foi realizada avaliando-se o fluxo permeado, pH, remoção de Escherichia coli, cor, turbidez e a remoção de cloro livre. Técnicas instrumentais tais como adsorção de N2 a 77 K, microscopia eletrônica de varredura (MEV), microscopia eletrônica de transmissão (MET) e análises de espectroscopia de raios-x por dispersão em energia (EDX) foram utilizadas para caracterizar o sistema proposto de membrana e adsorvente. O CAG garantiu maiores remoções de cloro, e também maior fluxo permeado. Além disso, o CAG impregnado com nanopartículas de óxido de cobre exibiu maior remoção de E. coli. Portanto, o sistema de membrana gravitacional híbrido utilizando CAG impregnado com óxido de cobre pode ser considerado como um tratamento potencial alternativo pontual para melhorar a qualidade da água destinada ao consumo humano.

Abstract This study evaluates the application of a polymeric microfiltration membrane in a gravitational filtration module and its combination with granular activated carbon (GAC) impregnated with copper, resulting in a hybrid process. The proposed system would be used to improve the quality of water for human consumption in developing countries. Permeate flux, pH, Escherichia coli removal, color, turbidity and free chlorine removals were evaluated in the applied process. Instrumental techniques, such as N2 adsorption at 77 K, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) analyses were used to characterize the proposed membrane and adsorbent. The GAC ensured higher chlorine removals, as well as higher permeate flux. Furthermore, the GAC impregnated with copper oxide nanoparticles exhibited higher Escherichia coli removal. Therefore, the hybrid gravitational membrane system applying GAC impregnated with copper oxide could be considered as a potential alternative point-of-use treatment to improve the quality of water for human consumption.